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The border between the modern states of France and Germany has a length of 450 km (280 mi). The southern portion of the border, between Saint-Louis at the border with Switzerland and Lauterbourg, follows the River Rhine (Upper Rhine) in a south-to-north direction through the Upper Rhine Plain.
The new border between France and Germany mainly followed the geo-linguistic divide between French and German dialects, except in a few valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges mountains, the city of Metz and its region and in the area of Château-Salins (formerly in the Meurthe département), which were annexed by Germany although most ...
Alsace (/ æ l ˈ s æ s /, [5] US also / æ l ˈ s eɪ s, ˈ æ l s æ s /; [6] [7] French: ⓘ; Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß) ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.
From 1871 to 1918, they formed the main border line between France and the German Empire. The demarcation line stretched from the Ballon d'Alsace in the south to Mont Donon in the north with the lands east of it being incorporated into Germany as part of Alsace-Lorraine. The Vosges saw extensive fighting during the world wars.
The new border between Germany and France was drawn along largely ethnic and linguistic lines, with the mostly French-speaking Metz area the notable exception. All these territories would be recovered at the end of the First World War, by Article 27 of the Treaty of Versailles. Alsace and Lorraine were annexed by Germany again in 1940.
The Upper Rhine tri-national region (French: Région Métropolitaine Trinationale du Rhin Supérieur, German: Trinationale Metropolregion Oberrhein) is a Euroregion that covers the border areas of the Upper Rhine (the northern part of the Upper Rhine valley and the Palatinate are not included as they are not border areas) and parts of the High ...