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The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.
Cooling bath. A typical experimental setup for an aldol reaction. Both flasks are submerged in a dry ice/acetone cooling bath (−78 °C) the temperature of which is being monitored by a thermocouple (the wire on the left). A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low ...
Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, [17] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. [18] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. [19] Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining.
Toluene (/ ˈtɒl.juiːn /), also known as toluol (/ ˈtɒl.ju.ɒl, - ɔːl, - oʊl /), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [15] with the chemical formula C6H5CH3, often abbreviated as PhCH3, where Ph stands for phenyl group. It is a colorless, water -insoluble liquid with the odor associated with paint thinners.
Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
A bottle of tannic acid (water solution) from the redwood tree. Tannic acid is a specific form of tannin, a type of polyphenol. Its weak acidity (pK a around 6) is due to the numerous phenol groups in the structure. The chemical formula for commercial tannic acid is often given as C 76 H 52 O 46, which corresponds with decagalloyl glucose, but ...
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