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Logarithmic integral function. In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li (x) is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance. In particular, according to the prime number theorem, it is a very good approximation to the prime-counting function, which is defined ...
In 2017, it was proven [15] that there exists a unique function F which is a solution of the equation F(z + 1) = exp(F(z)) and satisfies the additional conditions that F(0) = 1 and F(z) approaches the fixed points of the logarithm (roughly 0.318 ± 1.337i) as z approaches ±i∞ and that F is holomorphic in the whole complex z-plane, except the ...
Log–log graph of the probability that a number starts with the digit(s) n, for a distribution satisfying Benford's law. The points show the exact formula, P(n) = log 10 (1 + 1/n). The graph tends towards the dashed asymptote passing through (1, log 10 e) with slope −1 in log–log scale. The example in yellow shows that the probability of a ...
n = 1 that yield a minimax approximation or bound for the closely related Q-function: Q(x) ≈ Q̃(x), Q(x) ≤ Q̃(x), or Q(x) ≥ Q̃(x) for x ≥ 0. The coefficients {( a n , b n )} N n = 1 for many variations of the exponential approximations and bounds up to N = 25 have been released to open access as a comprehensive dataset.
Common logarithm. A graph of the common logarithm of numbers from 0.1 to 100. In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. [1] It is also known as the decadic logarithm and as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered its use, as well as ...
In mathematics, the Riemann zeta function is a function in complex analysis, which is also important in number theory. It is often denoted and is named after the mathematician Bernhard Riemann. When the argument is a real number greater than one, the zeta function satisfies the equation It can therefore provide the sum of various convergent ...
This is justified by considering the central limit theorem in the log domain (sometimes called Gibrat's law). The log-normal distribution is the maximum entropy probability distribution for a random variate X —for which the mean and variance of ln (X) are specified.
Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (γ), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm, denoted here by log: Here, ⌊·⌋ represents the floor function.