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A torque converter is a device, usually implemented as a type of fluid coupling, that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque converter connects the prime mover to the automatic gear train, which then drives the load.
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automated transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant angular velocity ...
Automated manual transmission. The automated manual transmission (AMT) is a type of transmission for motor vehicles. It is essentially a conventional manual transmission [1][2][3][4][5] equipped with automatic actuation to operate the clutch and/or shift gears. Many early versions of these transmissions that are semi-automatic in operation ...
GM Roto Hydramatic transmission. Roto Hydramatic (sometimes spelled Roto Hydra-Matic or Roto-Hydramatic) was an automatic transmission built by General Motors and used in some Oldsmobile, Pontiac and Holden models between 1961 and 1965. It was based on the earlier, four-speed Hydramatic, but was more compact, providing only three forward speeds ...
Transmission (mechanical device) A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set —two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine. [1][2] Transmissions can have a single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios, or ...
The first Ultramatic Drive was a hydraulic torque converter automatic transmission with a two-speed plus reverse epicyclic geartrain, with torque converter lockup, called "Direct Drive" by Packard. The unit was fully hydraulically controlled with a "valve body," like most early automatic transmissions before the advent of electronic control.
A semi-automatic transmission is a multiple-speed transmission where part of its operation is automated (typically the actuation of the clutch), but the driver's input is still required to launch the vehicle from a standstill and to manually change gears. Semi-automatic transmissions were almost exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on ...
Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer, or planet, gears or pinions, revolving about a central sun gear or sun wheel. [4][5] Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier, which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear.