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Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical; a country's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength. [9] Many methods for its production are known, including the contact process, the wet sulfuric acid process, and the lead chamber process. [10] Sulfuric acid is also a key substance in the chemical industry.
Chlorosulfuric acid is a tetrahedral molecule. Its structure was debated for many decades until in 1941 S. S. Dharmatti proved by magnetic susceptibility that chlorine is directly bonded to sulfur. [4][5] The formula is more descriptively written SO 2 (OH)Cl, but HSO 3 Cl is traditional. It is an intermediate, chemically and conceptually ...
Oleum is a useful form for transporting sulfuric acid compounds, typically in rail tank cars, between oil refineries, which produce various sulfur compounds as a byproduct of refining, and industrial consumers. Certain compositions of oleum are solid at room temperature, and thus are safer to ship than as a liquid.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent that can strip available water molecules and water components from sugar and organic tissue. [ 140 ] The burning of coal and/or petroleum by industry and power plants generates sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) that reacts with atmospheric water and oxygen to produce sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ). [ 141 ]
On a laboratory scale, the action of hot concentrated sulfuric acid on copper turnings produces sulfur dioxide. Cu + 2 H 2 SO 4 → CuSO 4 + SO 2 + 2 H 2 O. Tin also reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid but it produces tin(II) sulfate which can later be pyrolyzed at 360 °C into tin dioxide and dry sulfur dioxide. Sn + H 2 SO 4 → SnSO 4 + H ...
Sodium bisulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate, [a] is the sodium salt of the bisulfate anion, with the molecular formula NaHSO 4.Sodium bisulfate is an acid salt formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid by an equivalent of sodium base, typically in the form of either sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium chloride (table salt).
A 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl 2 •2H 2 O), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [ 1 ] Now there are McFarland standards prepared from suspensions of latex particles, which lengthens the shelf life and stability of the suspensions.
Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates (ores that contain zinc) into pure zinc. Zinc smelting has historically been more difficult than the smelting of other metals, e.g. iron, because in contrast, zinc has a low boiling point. At temperatures typically used for smelting metals, zinc is a gas that will escape from a ...