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Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini [a] (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician who was the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. He was also Duce of Italian fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919, until his summary execution in 1945.
The series introduces us to the firebrand and consummate rouser of rabbles known as Il Duce (The Leader) when he is 35, three years before he became Italy’s prime minister in 1922.
In a famous speech in 1926, Mussolini called for fascist art that was "traditionalist and at the same time modern, that looks to the past and at the same time to the future". [9] Traditional symbols of Roman civilization were utilized by the fascists, particularly the fasces that symbolized unity, authority and the exercise of power. [85]
In March 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the first Italian Fasces of Combat (FIC) at the beginning of the so-called Red Biennium, a two-year long social conflict between the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the liberal and conservative ruling class. Mussolini suffered a defeat in the election of November 1919. [3] [further explanation needed]
Fascist: Mussolini led the fascists who opposed and engaged in violence with international leftists who were gaining prominence in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Arditi del Popolo : Guido Picelli was the deputy of a coalition formed in 1921 between various anti-fascist groups including Malatesta's anarchists and Gramsci's communists, among ...
Mussolini's secret police was officially known as the Opera Vigilanza Repressione Antifascismo (usually known simply as the OVRA). During the 1920s in the Kingdom of Italy , anti-fascists, many of them members and supporters of the labor movement , fought against the violent Blackshirts and they also fought against the rise of the fascist ...
After Mussolini was deposed by the King in 1943 and Italy switched sides from the Axis to the Allies, Italian Fascism returned to republicanism and condemnation of the monarchy. [108] On 18 September 1943, Mussolini made his first public address to the Italian people since his rescue from arrest by German forces.
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy (left), and Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (right), were fascist leaders.. Fascism (/ ˈ f æ ʃ ɪ z əm / FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, [1] [2] [3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a ...