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A proportional symbol map or proportional point symbol map is a type of thematic map that uses map symbols that vary in size to represent a quantitative variable. [1]: 131 For example, circles may be used to show the location of cities within the map, with the size of each circle sized proportionally to the population of the city. Typically ...
cluster heat map: where magnitudes are laid out into a matrix of fixed cell size whose rows and columns are categorical data. For example, the graph to the right. spatial heat map: where no matrix of fixed cell size for example a heat-map. For example, a heat map showing population densities displayed on a geographical map; Stripe graphic ...
1838 map of pre-railroad cargo traffic in Ireland, one of the first thematic maps to use proportional symbols. The earliest known map to visually represent the volume of flow were two maps by engineer Henry Drury Harness, published in 1838 as part of a report on the potential for railroad construction in Ireland, showing the quantity of cargo traffic by road and canal.
An example would be showing one variable as a choropleth map, with another variable shown as proportional symbols on top of the choropleth. A correlated symbol map represents two or more variables in the same thematic map layer, using the same visual variable , designed in such a way as to show the relative combination of the two variables.
A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be directly proportional to a selected variable, such as travel time, population, or gross national income. Geographic space ...
A typical choropleth legend for a classed choropleth map includes a series of sample patches of the symbol for each class, with a text description of the corresponding range of values. On an unclassed choropleth map, it is common for the legend to show a smooth color gradient between the minimum and maximum values, with two or more points along ...
Size, how much space a symbol occupies on a map, most commonly refers to the area of point symbols, and the thickness of line symbols, although the cartogram controls the size of area features proportional to a given variable. Size has been shown to be very effective at conveying quantitative data, and in the visual hierarchy.
Map symbols commonly employ multiple visual variables simultaneously. This can be used to reinforce the depiction of a single property; for example, a capital city having a symbol that is larger and a different shape than other cities, or a color progression on a choropleth map from pale yellow to dark green, using both hue and value.