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The ideal gas law, ... The temperature used in the equation of state is an absolute temperature: the appropriate SI unit is the kelvin. [4] Common forms
The laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws.The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases.
The ideal gas law is the equation of state for an ideal gas, given by: = where P is the pressure; V is the volume; n is the amount of substance of the gas (in moles) T is the absolute temperature; R is the gas constant, which must be expressed in units consistent with those chosen for pressure, volume and temperature.
The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: = = where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of substance, m is the mass, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. R specific is the mass-specific gas constant. The gas constant is expressed in the same unit as molar heat.
In 1834, Émile Clapeyron combined Boyle's law and Charles' law into the first statement of the ideal gas law. Initially, the law was formulated as pV m = R(T C + 267) (with temperature expressed in degrees Celsius), where R is the gas constant.
Some constants, such as the ideal gas constant, R, do not describe the state of a system, and so are not properties. On the other hand, some constants, such as K f (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant ), depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and therefore ...
From 1787 to 1802, it was determined by Jacques Charles (unpublished), John Dalton, [10] [11] and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac [12] that, at constant pressure, ideal gases expanded or contracted their volume linearly (Charles's law) by about 1/273 parts per degree Celsius of temperature's change up or down, between 0 °C and 100 °C. Extrapolation ...
The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. A modern statement is: Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." [1] For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are ...