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  2. Ohm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

    Ohm's law has been observed on a wide range of length scales. In the early 20th century, it was thought that Ohm's law would fail at the atomic scale, but experiments have not borne out this expectation. As of 2012, researchers have demonstrated that Ohm's law works for silicon wires as small as four atoms wide and one atom high. [17]

  3. Current–voltage characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current–voltage...

    The simplest I–V curve is that of a resistor, which according to Ohm's law exhibits a linear relationship between the applied voltage and the resulting electric current; the current is proportional to the voltage, so the I–V curve is a straight line through the origin with positive slope. The reciprocal of the slope is equal to the resistance.

  4. Kirchhoff's circuit laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_circuit_laws

    A matrix version of Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of most circuit simulation software, such as SPICE. The current law is used with Ohm's law to perform nodal analysis. The current law is applicable to any lumped network irrespective of the nature of the network; whether unilateral or bilateral, active or passive, linear or non-linear.

  5. Current divider - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_divider

    Figure 1: Schematic of an electrical circuit illustrating current division. Notation R T refers to the total resistance of the circuit to the right of resistor R X.. In electronics, a current divider is a simple linear circuit that produces an output current (I X) that is a fraction of its input current (I T).

  6. Thévenin's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thévenin's_theorem

    Using this theorem, as well as Ohm's law, Helmholtz proved the following three theorems about the relation between the internal voltages and currents of "physical" system A, and the current flowing through the "linear" system B, which was assumed to be attached to A at two points on its surface:

  7. Drude model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drude_model

    The model also explains partly the Wiedemann–Franz law of 1853. Drude formula is derived in a limited way, namely by assuming that the charge carriers form a classical ideal gas . When quantum theory is considered, the Drude model can be extended to the free electron model , where the carriers follow Fermi–Dirac distribution .

  8. Electrical resistivity and conductivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and...

    When the resistivity of a material has a directional component, the most general definition of resistivity must be used. It starts from the tensor-vector form of Ohm's law, which relates the electric field inside a material to the electric current flow. This equation is completely general, meaning it is valid in all cases, including those ...

  9. Magnetohydrodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics

    MHD can be described by a set of equations consisting of a continuity equation, an equation of motion, an equation of state, Ampère's Law, Faraday's law, and Ohm's law. As with any fluid description to a kinetic system, a closure approximation must be applied to highest moment of the particle distribution equation.