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Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament.
Halogen lamps are sometimes used for inspection lights and microscope stage illuminators. Halogen lamps were used for early flat-screen LCD backlighting, but other types of lamps such as CCFL and now LED are used. Halogen lamps are used as the heating element in the fuser of many types of laser printers. The long tubular lamp heats the fuser ...
In 1904 a tungsten filament was invented by Austro-Hungarians Alexander Just and Franjo Hanaman, [4] and was more efficient and longer-lasting than the carbonized bamboo filament used previously. [5] The introduction of a neutral gas to the glass envelope (or bulb) also helped to improve the lifespan and brightness of the bulb. [5]
Sign with instructions on the use of light bulbs A tablet at St John the Baptist Church, Hagley commemorates the installation of electric light in 1934. In its modern form, the incandescent light bulb consists of a coiled filament of tungsten sealed in a globular glass chamber, either a vacuum or full of an inert gas such as argon.
Tungsten electrode used in a gas tungsten arc welding torch Tungsten filament is used in incandescent lightbulbs, where it is heated until it glows Because of its conductive properties and relative chemical inertness, tungsten is also used in electrodes , and in the emitter tips in electron-beam instruments that use field emission guns , such ...
The name "Tungsram" is a portmanteau of tungsten (/ ˈ t ʌ ŋ s t ən / TUNG-stən) and wolfram (/ ˈ w ʊ l f r əm / WUUL-frəm), the two common names of the metal used for making light bulb filaments. Before becoming nationalized by the Communist government in 1945, the company was the world's third largest manufacturer of light bulbs and ...
The bulb was made by hand, using a carbon filament (of greater thickness and strength than the tungsten filaments used in most modern lightbulbs) along with brass and glass components of high quality. The low wattage (originally 60 watts, now approximately four) and high nitrogen atmosphere inside the bulb have also contributed to its longevity.
Many countries are encouraging the phase-out of incandescent light bulbs and substitution with other types of energy-efficient lamps. In addition to general lighting, special fluorescent lights are often used in stage lighting for film and video production. They are cooler than traditional halogen light sources, and use high-frequency ballasts ...