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Viscoelasticity of bone can arise from multiple factors related to structures on multiple length scales. [1] Bone is a composite of the bio-polymer collagen and the bio-ceramic hydroxyapatite. Additionally the collagen is plied in various directions around the bone. Bone has two structural forms; cortical and cancellous. [2]
Therefore, their mechanical properties are very important. Mechanical properties of some biomaterials and bone are summarized in Table 1. [2] Among them, hydroxyapatite is most widely studied bioactive and biocompatible material. However, it has lower Young's modulus and fracture toughness with a brittle nature. Hence, it is required to produce ...
Cancellous bone or spongy bone, [12] [11] also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. [13] [14] Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible.
Inside of a bone showing the trabecular structure A typical carcinoid tumor of the lung showing a trabecular pattern of elongated groups of cells.. A trabecula (pl.: trabeculae, from Latin for 'small beam') is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ.
This directionally in human bone contrasts with the more random orientation in bovine bone and lends to longitudinal bone toughness in humans. [ 10 ] As with the other mechanisms of crack-shielding, the resistance curve (R-curve) can be used to study the resistance of cortical bone ( trabecular bone is removed before experiments) to fracture.
The material needed for each application is different, and dependent on the desired mechanical properties of the material. Tissue engineering of long bone defects for example, will require a rigid scaffold with a compressive strength similar to that of cortical bone (100-150 MPa), which is much higher compared to a scaffold for skin regeneration.
Bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebral skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals and also enable mobility. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure.
Biomedical engineering faculty work on topics such as the contribution of Type I collagen to mechanical properties of bone, importance of permeability in tissue engineering scaffolds, post-yield behavior of cortical bone, strengthening bioresorbable polymers, surface modification via formation of organic ultra thin films, and cell proliferation ...