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Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [ 93 ] [ 80 ] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%.
A systematic review of the risk of major birth defects in antidepressant-exposed pregnancies found a small increase (3% to 24%) in the risk of major malformations and a risk of cardiovascular birth defects that did not differ from non-exposed pregnancies.
Pregnancy Category: D D . Has the highest propensity of all anticonvulsants for causing birth defects. Around 6-11% of children born to mothers that used the drug during pregnancy are born with birth defects. Oral Ziprasidone and treatment as usual: 55.1: 14.1 ++/+ -
A new Canadian study suggests that women who take antidepressants during pregnancy may be more likely to give birth to children with autism.
SSRIs are modern antidepressants often used as a first-line treatment for major depressive disorder. Common SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline) and Lexapro (escitalopram ...
Sertraline taken during pregnancy is associated with an increase in congenital heart defects in newborns. [14] [15] Sertraline was developed by scientists at Pfizer and approved for medical use in the United States in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines [16] and available as a generic medication. [10]
A large case-control study done as part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and published in 2012 found a significant association between venlafaxine use during pregnancy and several birth defects including anencephaly, cleft palate, septal heart defects and coarctation of the aorta. [49]
The FDA advises for the risk of birth defects with the use of paroxetine [143] and the MAOI should be avoided. A 2013 systematic review and meta-analysis found that antidepressant use during pregnancy was statistically significantly associated with some pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational age and preterm birth, but not with other outcomes.