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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression.Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA).
First all introns have to be removed from the transcribed RNA through a process known as splicing. Before the RNA is ready for export, a Poly(A)tail is added to the 3' end of the RNA and a 5' cap is added to the 5' end. Micrograph of gene transcription of ribosomal RNA illustrating the growing primary transcripts
Reverse transcribing viruses replicate their genomes by reverse transcribing DNA copies from their RNA; these DNA copies are then transcribed to new RNA. Retrotransposons also spread by copying DNA and RNA from one another, [66] and telomerase contains an RNA that is used as template for building the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. [67]
RNA is transcribed in the nucleus; after processing, it is transported to the cytoplasm and translated by the ribosome. Finally, the mRNA is degraded. Finally, the mRNA is degraded. In molecular biology , messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene , and is read by ...
The RNAs transcribed serve diverse functions. For example, structural components of the ribosome are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. Protein coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that carry the information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis. [1]
In the human genome, all genes get transcribed into RNA because that's how the molecular gene is defined. (See Gene .) The transcriptome consists of coding regions of mRNA plus non-coding UTRs, introns, non-coding RNAs, and spurious non-functional transcripts.
A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response.
RNAs are produced (transcribed) from a DNA template. By convention, RNA sequences are written in a 5′ to 3′ direction. The 5′ end is the part of the RNA molecule that is transcribed first, and the 3′ end is transcribed last. The 3′ end is also where the poly(A) tail is found on polyadenylated RNAs. [1] [9]