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  2. Teratology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology

    One example of this is the use of mammalian animal models to evaluate the molecular role of teratogens in the development of embryonic populations, such as the neural crest, [55] which can lead to the development of neurocristopathies. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for this purpose. In addition, pregnancy registries are large ...

  3. Category:Teratogens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Teratogens

    Teratogens are substances that may cause birth defects via a toxic effect on an embryo or foetus. Subcategories. This category has the following 13 subcategories, out ...

  4. Environmental toxicants and fetal development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicants...

    Teratogens affect the fetus by various mechanism including: Interfering with cell proliferation rate, such as viral infection and ionization; Altered biosynthetic pathways, as seen in chromosomal defects; Abnormal cellular or tissue interactions, as seen in diabetes; Extrinsic factors; Threshold interaction of genes with environmental teratogens

  5. List of macronutrients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_macronutrients

    Fat has a food energy content of 38 kilojoules per gram (9 kilocalories per gram) proteins and carbohydrates 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g). [2] Water makes up a large proportion of the total mass ingested as part of a normal diet but it does not provide any nutritional value.

  6. Carbohydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate

    Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.. A carbohydrate (/ ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t /) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula C m ...

  7. List of sugars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sugars

    Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are various types of sugar derived from different sources. Generally speaking, chemical names ending in -ose indicate sugars.

  8. What Are Carbohydrates, and Are They Really That Bad? - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/carbohydrates-really-bad...

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  9. Tetrasaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrasaccharide

    Chemical structure of stachyose. A tetrasaccharide is a carbohydrate which gives upon hydrolysis four molecules of the same or different monosaccharides.For example, stachyose upon hydrolysis gives one molecule each of glucose and fructose and two molecules of galactose.