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The etymology of the Old Norse name Fornjótr remains unclear. [5] [2] It is often interpreted as forn-jótr ('ancient or primordial jötunn'), or as for-njótr ('original owner', or 'destroyer'). [5] [1] Alternative meanings such as Forn-njótr ('one-who-enjoys-sacrifices') or Forn-þjótr ('ancient screamer') have also been proposed. [5] [2]
Many historians assume the terms beorm and bjarm to derive from the Uralic word perm, which refers to "travelling merchants" and represents the Old Permic culture. [4] Bjarneyjar "Bear islands". Possibly Disko Island off Greenland. [5] blakumen or blökumenn Romanians or Cumans. Blokumannaland may be the lands south of the Lower Danube. Bót
Sokkmimir old As Svithur and Svithrir of yore; Of Mithvitnir's son the slayer I was When the famed one found his doom. [2] Svidur and Svidrir I was at Sökkmimir's called, and beguiled that ancient Jötun, when of Midvitnir's renowned son I was the sole destroyer. [3]
perhaps from Old French bruschet, with identical sense of the English word, or from Old Norse brjosk "gristle, cartilage" (related to brjost "breast") or Danish bryske [37] brunt Likely from Old Norse brundr (="sexual heat") or bruna =("to advance like wildfire") [38] bulk bulki [39] bull boli [40] bump Perhaps from Scandinavian, probably ...
The Old Norse poems Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, and the Nafnaþulur section of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál provide lists of valkyrie names. Other valkyrie names appear solely outside these lists, such as Sigrún (who is attested in the poems Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and Helgakviða Hundingsbana II ).
The Old Norse word draugr (initially draugʀ, see ʀ), in the sense of the undead creature, is hypothetically traced to a unrecorded Proto-Germanic: *draugaz, meaning "delusion, illusion, mirage" etc, from a *dreuganą ("to mislead, deceive"), ultimately from a Proto-Indo European stem *dʰrowgʰos ("phantom"), from *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és ("deceive"). [4]
The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.
The extant sources for Norse mythology, particularly the Prose and Poetic Eddas, contain many names of jötnar and gýgjar (often glossed as giants and giantesses respectively).