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For freshwater aquaria, gravel is the most common substrate. To prevent damage to fish, gravel should not be sharp. Aquarium gravel can be as coarse as pea-sized or as fine as 1–2 mm. [1] It is available in a number of colors, and may be naturally colored or dyed, and may have a polymer seal to ensure it does not affect water chemistry. [1]
Some aquarium substrates containing laterite also provide nutrients. [41] Reverse osmosis filters may be used mitigate damaging effects of hard water on sensitive animals and plants, and filtered water is remineralized to the ideal hardness. [42] It is also necessary to support photosynthesis by providing light.
Aquarium substrate is important for the fish's health and replicating their natural environment. Aquarium decoration can consist of live or plastic plants, driftwood, rocks, and a variety of commercially made plastic sculptures. Though rocks and plants have more practical purposes for the health of the fish and the water quality.
An aquascaped freshwater aquarium. Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.It is a practice that encompasses the art of maintaining one's own aquatic ecosystem, featuring a lot of variety with various water systems, all of which have their own unique features and requirements.
An improper nitrogen cycle, inappropriate aquarium plants and potentially harmful freshwater invertebrates can directly harm or add to the stresses on ornamental fish in a tank. Despite this, many diseases in captive fish can be avoided or prevented through proper water conditions and a well-adjusted ecosystem within the tank.
Most freshwater aquarium fish do well in water that is soft to moderately hard, and that has a pH between 6 and 8. Brackish water aquaria are a special case and need dedicated community tanks. While a few freshwater and marine fish can adapt to brackish water, most cannot.