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An elderly Bengali man in Dhaka with a beard dyed in henna. Henna is a reddish dye prepared from the dried and powdered leaves of the henna tree. [1] It has been used since at least the ancient Egyptian period as a hair and body dye, notably in the temporary body art of mehndi (or "henna tattoo") resulting from the staining of the skin using dyes from the henna plant.
Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), also known as hennotannic acid, is a red-orange dye present in the leaves of the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis), for which it is named, as well as in the common walnut (Juglans regia) [5] and water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes). [6]
The leaves grow opposite each other on the stem. They are glabrous, sub- sessile , elliptical , and lanceolate (long and wider in the middle; average dimensions are 1.5–5.0 cm x 0.5–2 cm or .6–2 in x 0.2–0.8 in), acuminate (tapering to a long point), and have depressed veins on the dorsal surface.
Rich brown is the most popular henna color, which is produced using a natural dye made from the Lawsonia inermis plant. But modern patterns now incorporate hues like white, red, black, and gold, enabling more individualized and varied artistic expressions. In South Asia, mehndi is applied on the body during both Hindu and Muslim weddings. [2]
A ceremony welcoming the newly wed bride to her new home, with the feet dipped in a mixture of milk and alta. Alta has great cultural significance in Bengali and Odia culture [11] [12] [3] Regardless of religious beliefs, women traditionally adorn their hands and feet with alta for marriage [13] [7] and cultural festivals like Pohela Baishakh, Pohela Falgun and others.
The work on indigo led to the development of a new class of dyes called vat dyes in 1901 that produced a wide range of fast colors for cellulosic fibers such as cotton. [69] Disperse dyes were introduced in 1923 to color the new textiles of cellulose acetate, which could not be colored with any existing dyes. Today disperse dyes are the only ...