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A urine culture can be performed to identify the bacterial species involved in a UTI. [4] Simple point-of-care tests can detect pregnancy by identifying the presence of beta-hCG in the urine [5] and indicate the use of recreational drugs by detecting excreted drugs or their metabolites. [6]
Consumers shouldn’t use certain tests manufactured by Universal Meditech Inc., the US Food and Drug Administration warned Friday, including those that test for pregnancy, ovulation and urinary ...
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
A later article, independently authored, granted Hogben credit for the principle of using Xenopus to determine gonadotropin levels in a pregnant woman's urine, but not for its usage as a functional pregnancy test. [40] Hormonal pregnancy tests such as Primodos and Duogynon were used in the 1960s and 1970s in the UK and Germany. These tests ...
A culture of the urine is performed when a urinary tract infection is suspected, as bacteriuria without symptoms does not require treatment. [32] A microscopic examination of the urine may be helpful to identify organic or inorganic substrates and help in the diagnosis. The color and volume of urine can be reliable indicators of hydration level.
A negative dipstick test does not exclude bacteriuria, as not all bacteria which can colonise the urinary tract are nitrate-reducing. The leukocyte esterase test indirectly detects the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine which can be associated with a urinary tract infection. In the elderly, the leukocyte esterase test is often ...
Progesterone also causes decreased motility of the ureters, which can lead to stasis of the urine and hence an increased risk of urinary tract infection. [6] Pregnancy alters the vaginal microbiota with a reduction in species/genus diversity. [34] Physiological hydronephrosis may appear from six weeks. [35]
Changes in sexual health: Lower estrogen levels can lead to low libido, more trouble achieving orgasm and vaginal dryness, which can cause burning and pain during sex, Tang says. Many women find ...