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According to the World Health Organization, lung cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. [2] The most common cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke, and the carcinogens are typically found in cigarettes. [3] In the United States, around 80%-90% of lung cancer deaths are among cigarette smokers. [4]
There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT scans. [4] The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer, [4] especially in older adults and ...
Pulmonary function: increased residual volume, increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume; High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4–10 mm, greater than 20 nodules, mosaic attenuation or air trapping in greater than 50% of the lung
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. [1] [2] [3] As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma.
Unlike extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, limited-stage small cell lung cancer is potentially curable. [4] In limited small cell lung cancer, the median overall survival time is approximately 12–16 months, with five year survival rate of approximately 26% and long-term survival rate of approximately 4–5%. [19]
Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common type of lung cancer, and like other forms of lung cancer, it is characterized by distinct cellular and molecular features. [1] It is classified as one of several non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), to distinguish it from small cell lung cancer which has a different behavior and prognosis.
Lung cancer is the most diagnosed and deadliest cancer worldwide, with 2.2 million cases in 2020 resulting in 1.8 million deaths. [3] Lung cancer is rare in those younger than 40; the average age at diagnosis is 70 years, and the average age at death 72. [2] Incidence and outcomes vary widely across the world, depending on patterns of tobacco use.
Lung tumor; A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Specialty: Oncology Pulmonology: Symptoms: Coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pains [1] Complications: Lung cancer: Causes: Smoking Radon gas Asbestos Air pollution Genetics