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During the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, "Pharmacists tried everything they knew, everything they had ever heard of, from the ancient art of bleeding patients, to administering oxygen, to developing new vaccines and serums (chiefly against what we call Hemophilus influenzae – a name derived from the fact that it was originally considered the etiological agent – and several types ...
A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009. [22] [23] [24] This vaccine is intended for people 65 and over, who typically have weakened immune response due to normal aging. The vaccine produces a greater immune response than standard vaccine.
A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) is a document designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide information to a patient receiving a vaccine in the United States. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires that medical professionals provide a VIS to patients before receiving certain vaccinations.
In general, influenza vaccines are only effective if there is an antigenic match between vaccine strains and circulating strains. [10] [2] Most commercially available flu vaccines are manufactured by propagation of influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs, taking 6–8 months. [2]
The second lineage of the B virus was since added to provide greater defense against circulating flu viruses. [27] Two influenza A viruses and two influenza B viruses have up until 2023 been among the four flu viruses that a quadrivalent vaccine was intended to protect against. As of 2022 all flu vaccines in the United States were quadrivalent ...
Monovalent type A influenza vaccines are generally indicated during the pandemic or the flu for everyone without contraindications. According to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) under the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people aged above 10 are recommended to take one dose of H1N1 vaccine while those who are 6 months to 9 years old should be injected ...
In another randomized clinical trial conducted in 2014- 2015, the effectiveness of the recombinant vaccine and egg-based inactivated flu vaccine was compared in a population aged 50 or above. In contrast with the egg-based vaccine, the recombinant flu vaccine significantly reduced the risk of influenza-like illness by 30%. [13]
A vaccine that contains the A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) flu strain. [28] Pumarix: A vaccine approved for medical use in the European Union in March 2011. [29] Seqirus/Audenz: A vaccine for adults that contains a killed flu strain called A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8)-like strain. [30] Some older H5N1 vaccines for humans that have been licensed are: