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It may be that the Umbilicus Urbis Romae was the external (above ground) part of the subterranean Mundus. The Mundus was ritually opened only three times each year. These days were considered dies nefasti—days on which official transactions were forbidden on religious grounds—because evil spirits of the underworld were thought to escape then.
In a typical Roman city, an umbilicus (umbilicus urbis, "city navel") represented the reference point used by the city planners to map out the city spaces, including the pomerium, a sacred city boundary. The place for an umbilicus was supposedly set by examining the sky.
Umbilicus urbis Romae, the designated centre ("navel") of the city from which, and to which, all distances in Rome and the Roman Empire were measured (probably identical with the Mundus Cereris) Milliarium Aureum After Augustus erected this monument, all roads were considered to begin here and all distances in the Roman Empire were measured ...
Tabula Peutingeriana (section of a modern facsimile), top to bottom: Dalmatian coast, Adriatic Sea, southern Italy, Sicily, African Mediterranean coast. Tabula Peutingeriana (Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula, [1] Peutinger tables [2] or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the ...
Roman Forum plan with the Milliarium Aureum in red and the Umbilicus Urbis in blue. Remains labeled "Milliarium Aureum" in the Roman Forum. The Milliarium Aureum (Classical Latin: [miːllɪˈaːrɪ.ũː ˈau̯rɛ.ũː]; Italian: Miliario Aureo), or the "Golden Milestone," was a monument, probably of marble or gilded bronze, erected by the Emperor Augustus near the Temple of Saturn in the ...
Umbilicus may refer to: The navel or belly button; Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy; Umbilicus, a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants; Umbilicus urbis Romae, the designated center of the city of Rome from which and to which all distances in Rome and the Roman Empire were ...
Satellite image of Europe by night 1916 physical map of Europe Topography of Europe. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby
The Umbilicus urbis Romae marks the center of Rome. [14] The senate council probably began meeting within an old Etruscan temple on the north side of the Comitium identified as belonging to the Curia Hostilia from the seventh century BC. Tradition holds that Tullus Hostilius built or refurbished this structure. [15]