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Braille has been extended to an 8-dot code, particularly for use with braille embossers and refreshable braille displays. In 8-dot braille the additional dots are added at the bottom of the cell, giving a matrix 4 dots high by 2 dots wide. The additional dots are given the numbers 7 (for the lower-left dot) and 8 (for the lower-right dot).
The Unicode names of braille dot patterns are not the same as what many English speakers would use colloquially. In particular, Unicode names use the word dots in the plural even when only one dot is listed: thus Unicode says braille pattern dots-5 when most English-speaking users of braille would simply say "braille dot 5" or just "dot 5".
The 64 braille patterns are arranged into decades based on the numerical order of those patterns. The first decade are the numerals 1 through 0, which utilize only the top and mid row of the cell; the 2nd through 4th decades are derived from the first by adding dots to the bottom row; the 5th decade is created by shifting the first decade downwards.
The Braille pattern dots-1 ( ⠁) is a 6-dot or 8-dot braille cell with the top left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2801, and in Braille ASCII with "A". Character information
The Braille pattern dots-6 ( ⠠) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the lower-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2820, and in Braille ASCII with a comma:, .
Six principal systems of embossed type in use c. 1900: Haüy, Gall, Howe, Moon, Braille, Wait. A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type, historically, many other tactile alphabets have existed:
Birthplace of Louis Braille in Coupvray. Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, a small town about twenty miles east of Paris, on 4 January 1809. [2] He and his three elder siblings – Monique Catherine (b. 1793), Louis-Simon (b. 1795), and Marie Céline (b. 1797) [3] – lived with their parents, Simon-René and Monique, on three hectares of land and vineyard in the countryside.
[4] [8] The English/Moon system or Moon type is easy to learn for the newly blind as it has a strong resemblance to the familiar written alphabet, but Braille has such great advantages over the Moon system for regular usage that the Moon system never became as popular. [8] [9] Braille with its slate and stylus was unique in that it was the ...