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  2. Rounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding

    3.25 RPSP to 1/2 ⇒ result is 3.5; 3.5 round-half-to-even to 1 ⇒ result is 4 (wrong) If the erroneous middle step is removed, the final rounding to integer rounds 3.25 to the correct value of 3. RPSP is implemented in hardware in IBM zSeries and pSeries.

  3. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]

  4. Birthday problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem

    Let these events be called Event 2, Event 3, and so on. Event 1 is the event of person 1 having a birthday, which occurs with probability 1. This conjunction of events may be computed using conditional probability: the probability of Event 2 is ⁠ 364 / 365 ⁠, as person 2 may have any birthday other than the birthday of person 1.

  5. Error function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function

    (), where (2n − 1)!! is the double factorial of (2n − 1), which is the product of all odd numbers up to (2n − 1). This series diverges for every finite x , and its meaning as asymptotic expansion is that for any integer N ≥ 1 one has erfc ⁡ x = e − x 2 x π ∑ n = 0 N − 1 ( − 1 ) n ( 2 n − 1 ) ! !

  6. Benford's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford's_law

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...

  7. Geometric mean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_mean

    TV 4:3/1.33 in red, 1.66 in orange, 16:9/1.7 7 in blue, 1.85 in yellow, Panavision/2.2 in mauve and CinemaScope/2.35 in purple. The geometric mean has been used in choosing a compromise aspect ratio in film and video: given two aspect ratios, the geometric mean of them provides a compromise between them, distorting or cropping both in some ...

  8. Chronology of computation of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_computation...

    The last 100 decimal digits of the latest world record computation are: [1] 7034341087 5351110672 0525610978 1945263024 9604509887 5683914937 4658179610 2004394122 9823988073 3622511852 Graph showing how the record precision of numerical approximations to pi measured in decimal places (depicted on a logarithmic scale), evolved in human history.

  9. Elo rating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system

    ′ = + . [1] This update can be performed after each game or each tournament, or after any suitable rating period. An example may help to clarify: Suppose player A has a rating of 1613 and plays in a five-round tournament. They lose to a player rated 1609, draw with a player rated 1477, defeat a player rated 1388, defeat a player rated 1586 ...