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The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. [1] It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
US domestic standard containers are generally 48 ft (14.63 m) and 53 ft (16.15 m) (rail and truck). Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu). An equivalent unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity equal to one standard 20 ft (6.10 m) (length) × 8 ft (2.44 m) (width) container.
However, in order to keep pace with the increase of container maximum gross weight, the continuing growth in container ship size, and the related height of container stacks on board the ships, the required stacking strength was increased to a superimposed weight of 213,360 kg (470,400 lb) in 2005 per Amendment 3. [8]
One of the largest container ships to call on the U.S., the CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin, carries approximately 4.5 million gallons of fuel oil. Ship fuel capacity is generally converted to ...
The maximum gross weights that U.S. railroads accept or deliver are 52,900 lb (24,000 kg) for 20-foot containers, and 67,200 lb (30,500 kg) for 40-foot containers, [78] in contrast to the global ISO-standard gross weight for 20-footers having been raised to the same as 40-footers in the year 2005. [79]
The most common and noted type of containers are the 20 feet and 40 feet containers. There are also containers with an extent in height called "High Cube" containers. [3] [9] The fixed exterior dimension of the standard size boxes are: [9] [10] 20 feet container size is: 20 ft (6.1 m) length by 8 ft (2.4 m) width by 8.6 ft (2.6 m) height.
Specialized shipping containers include: high cube containers (providing an extra 1 ft (305 mm) in height to standard shipping containers), pallet wides, open tops, side loaders, double door or tunnel-tainers, and temperature controlled containers. Another specialized container, known as Transtainer, is a portable fuel and oil freight container.
To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density. Seawater (1,025 kg/m 3 ) is more dense than fresh water (1,000 kg/m 3 ); [ 5 ] so a ship will ride higher in salt water than in fresh.