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Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for 29% of cancers in children aged 0–14 in 2018. [1] There are multiple forms of leukemia that occur in children, the most common being acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [2]
It is estimated to affect 1 in 1500 children. [9] Accounting for the broad age profiles of those affected, ALL newly occurs in about 1.7 per 100,000 people per year. [5] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents approximately 20% of adults and 80% of childhood leukemias, making it the most common childhood cancer. [5]
This is the most common type of cancer during childhood, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common in children. ALL usually develops in children between the ages of 1 and 10 (it could occur at any age). This type of cancer is more prevalent in males and in white people. [9] Signs & Symptoms:
Among children with some form of cancer, about a third have a type of leukemia, most commonly acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [81] A type of leukemia is the second most common form of cancer in infants (under the age of 12 months) and the most common form of cancer in older children. [83]
It is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is sometimes additionally classified as a lymphoma, as designated leukemia/lymphoma. ALL is the most prevalent childhood malignancy, with precursor B-cell ALL (B-ALL) accounting for approximately 75–80% of newly diagnosed pediatric ALL cases.
In 2008, leukemia, usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was the most common cancer in children aged 1–14 in the U.S., followed by the central nervous system cancers, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [20] Childhood cancers increased 19% between 1975 and 1990, mainly due to an increased incidence in acute leukemia.
In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [ 1 ]
The three most common childhood cancers are leukemia (34%), brain tumors (23%) and lymphomas (12%). [220] In the United States cancer affects about 1 in 285 children. [221] Rates of childhood cancer increased by 0.6% per year between 1975 and 2002 in the United States [222] and by 1.1% per year between 1978 and 1997 in Europe. [220]