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Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
The Finnish word runo, meaning 'poem', is an early borrowing from Proto-Germanic, [12] and the source of the term for rune, riimukirjain, meaning 'scratched letter'. [13] The root may also be found in the Baltic languages, where Lithuanian runoti means both 'to cut (with a knife)' and 'to speak'. [14]
The number of runestones in Sweden is estimated at between 1,700 [2] and 2,500 (depending on definition). [2]The Swedish district of Uppland has the highest concentration with as many as 1,196 inscriptions in stone, whereas Södermanland is second with 391).
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The othala rune is such a case: the o sound in the Anglo-Saxon system is now expressed by ōs ᚩ, a derivation of the old Ansuz rune; the othala rune is known in Old English as ēðel (with umlaut due to the form ōþila-) and is used to express an œ sound, but is attested only rarely in epigraphy (outside of simply appearing in a futhark row).
Futhorc are Anglo-Saxon runes which were used to write Old English. The most notable of the rings are the Bramham Moor Ring , found in the 18th century, and the Kingmoor Ring , found 1817, inscribed with a nearly identical magical runic formula read as
Laguz or *Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, *laguz meaning "water" or "lake" and *laukaz meaning "leek". In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu "ocean". In the Younger Futhark, the rune is called lögr "waterfall" in Icelandic and logr "water" in Norse.
Rune Name Meaning Comments doppelte Siegrune: Victory or Schutzstaffel: The sig rune (or Siegrune) symbolised victory (Sieg). The names of the ᛋ-rune (on which the Siegrune was based) translate as "sun", however, von List reinterpreted it as a victory sign when he compiled his list of "Armanen runes". [2]