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The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [2]
2 5 160 100 35 100 150 500 80 200 150 4 10 ... (Range) PM 10 24-hr PM 2.5 24-hr NO 2 24-hr O 3 8-hr CO ... Normal activities Normal activities
PM 2.5: 15.0 μg/m 3: Annual Annual mean over 3 years None US EPA [3] Legal United States Secondary PM 2.5: 10 μg/m 3: Annual Mean None WHO [1] Guideline Global PM 2.5: 25 μg/m 3: 24 hour Mean None WHO [1] Guideline Global PM 2.5: 25 μg/m 3: Annual Mean None WHO [1] Interim target (IT) 2 Global PM 2.5: 15 μg/m 3: Annual Mean None WHO [1 ...
Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term mortality by 15%. [29] More so, approximately 4.2 million of all premature deaths observed in 2016 occurred due to airborne particulate pollution, 91% of which occurred in countries with low to middle socioeconomic status.
Maternal PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy is also associated with high blood pressure in children. [218] Inhalation of PM 2.5 – PM 10 is associated with elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight. [219] Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with greater reductions in birth weight than exposure to PM 10. [220]
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) is a type of air quality index used in Singapore, which is a number used to indicate the level of pollutants in air.Initially PSI was based on five air pollutants, but since 1 April 2014 it has also included fine particulate matter (PM 2.5).
For the full year, adjusted EBITDA was a record $167.6 million and well ahead of our guidance range of $155 million to $159 million, reflecting our commitment to prudent cost management and ...
Below is a list of 526 cities sorted by their annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m 3) in 2022. [1] [2] By default the least polluted cities which have fewest particulates in the air come first.