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C11 mainly standardizes features already supported by common contemporary compilers, and includes a detailed memory model to better support multiple threads of execution. Due to delayed availability of conforming C99 implementations, C11 makes certain features optional, to make it easier to comply with the core language standard.
C99 and C11 added several additional features to C that have not been incorporated into standard C++ as of C++20, such as complex numbers, variable length arrays (complex numbers and variable length arrays are designated as optional extensions in C11), flexible array members, the restrict keyword, array parameter qualifiers, and compound literals.
Cover of the C99 standards document. C99 (previously C9X, formally ISO/IEC 9899:1999) is a past version of the C programming language open standard. [1] It extends the previous version with new features for the language and the standard library, and helps implementations make better use of available computer hardware, such as IEEE 754-1985 floating-point arithmetic, and compiler technology. [2]
GCC (full C89/90, C99 and C11) HP C/ANSI C compiler (C89 and C99) [32] IBM XL C/C++ (C11, starting with version 12.1) [33] Intel's ICC; LabWindows/CVI; LCC; Oracle Developer Studio; OpenWatcom (C89/90 and some C99) Microsoft Visual C++ (C89/90 and some C99) Pelles C (C99 and C11. Windows only.) [34] vbcc (C89/90 and C99) Tiny C Compiler (C89/90 ...
As of 2014 and C11, there are four type qualifiers in standard C: const , volatile , restrict and _Atomic – the latter has a private name to avoid clashing with user-defined names. [3] The first two of these, const and volatile , are also present in C++, and are the only type qualifiers in C++.
The C11 standard adds numerous new features to C and the library, including type generic macros, anonymous structures, improved Unicode support, atomic operations, multi-threading, and bounds-checked functions. It also makes some portions of the existing C99 library optional, and improves compatibility with C++.
C17, formally ISO/IEC 9899:2018, [1] is an open standard for the C programming language, prepared in 2017 and published in July 2018. It replaced C11 (standard ISO/IEC 9899:2011), [2] and is superseded by C23 (ISO/IEC 9899:2024) since October 2024. [3]
In C11, <threads.h> also defines a number of functions for retrieving, changing, and destructing a thread-local storage, using names starting with tss_. In C23, thread_local itself becomes a keyword. [2] C++11 introduces the thread_local [3] keyword which can be used in the following cases Namespace level (global) variables; File static variables