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The ephod corresponded to heaven, and the stones on both shoulders to the two hemispheres, one above and the other below the earth. The six names on each of the stones were the six signs of the zodiac , which were denoted also by the twelve names on the breastplate .
Archaeological excavations have revealed that the sanctuary on Mount Gerizim was constructed during the 5th century BCE, when the region was under Persian rule. [7] Built at the mountain's highest point, it was the first structure erected at this sacred site [7] [13] and was seemingly completed around 400 BCE.
Artist's conception of Jewish high priest wearing a hoshen in ancient Judah. According to the Biblical description, the twelve jewels in the breastplate were each to be made from specific minerals, none identical to another, and each of them representative of a specific tribe, whose name was to be inscribed on the stone.
High Priest of Israel wearing the sacred vestments. The ephod is depicted here in yellow. An ephod (Hebrew: אֵפוֹד, romanized: ʾēp̄ōḏ; / ˈ ɛ f ɒ d / or / ˈ iː f ɒ d /) was a type of apron that, according to the Hebrew Bible, was worn by the High Priest of Israel, an artifact and an object to be revered in ancient Israelite culture, and was closely connected with oracular ...
The first of these were the twelve jewels, in engraved gem form, on the Priestly breastplate described in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 28:15–19), and the second the twelve stones mentioned in the Book of Revelation as forming the foundation stones of the New Jerusalem (Revelation 21:18–20)—eight of these are the same (or were in the Vulgate ...
Similarly, the prophet Elijah used twelve stones (Hebrew: אֲבָנִים, romanized: ʾəvānim, lit. 'stones') to build an altar (1 Kings 18:30–31). The stones were from a broken altar that had been built on Mount Carmel before the First Temple was erected. Upon the completion of the Temple, offerings on other altars became forbidden.
Gilgal is mentioned 39 times, in particular in the Book of Joshua, as the place where the Israelites camped after crossing the Jordan River (Joshua 4:19 – 5:12). [1] The Hebrew term Gilgal most likely means "circle of stones". [2] Its name appears in Koine Greek on the Madaba Map. [3]
It is the seventh stone in Ezekiel 28:13 (in the Hebrew text, but occurring fifth in the Greek translation). The stones is also mentioned with frequency elsewhere (Exodus 24:10, Job 28:6,16, Song 5:14, Isaiah 54:11, Lamentations 4:7; Ezekiel 1:26, 10:1). Sappheiros is also the second foundation stone of the celestial Jerusalem (Revelations 21:19).