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Convection causes it to rise, causing a valley breeze. At night, the process is reversed. During the night the slopes get cooled and the dense air descends into the valley as the mountain wind. [4] These breezes occur mostly during calm and clear weather. Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area's geography.
At night, the sides of the hills cool through radiation of the heat. The air along the hills becomes cooler and denser, blowing down into the valley, drawn by gravity. This is known a mountain breeze. If the slopes are covered with ice and snow, the mountain breeze will blow during the day, carrying the cold dense air into the warmer, barren ...
Examples of katabatic winds include the downslope valley and mountain breezes, the piteraq winds of Greenland, the Bora in the Adriatic, [2] the Bohemian Wind or Böhmwind in the Ore Mountains, the Santa Ana winds in southern California, the oroshi in Japan, or "the Barber" in New Zealand [3]. Not all downslope winds are katabatic.
A: Sea breeze (occurs at daytime), B: Land breeze (occurs at nighttime) In coastal regions, sea breezes and land breezes can be important factors in a location's prevailing winds. The sea is warmed by the sun more slowly because of water's greater specific heat compared to land. As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land ...
In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can dominate local winds. In human civilization, the concept of wind has been explored in mythology , influenced the events of history, expanded the range of transport and warfare, and provided a power ...
Kaimai Breeze (turbulent wind with strong downdrafts in the Kaimai Range of North Island, New Zealand) [17] Nor'wester (wind that brings rain to the West Coast, and warm dry winds to the East Coast of New Zealand 's South Island , caused by the moist prevailing winds being uplifted over the Southern Alps , often accompanied by a distinctive ...
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These winds typically occur during the daytime in calm sunny weather. A hill or mountain top will be radiatively warmed by the Sun which in turn heats the air just above it. Air at a similar altitude over an adjacent valley or plain does not get warmed so much because of the greater distance to the ground below it.