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2. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   One of the modes John can use is the dictionary attack. [6] It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string.

3. Diceware - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diceware

   English diceware page has the complete description and word lists in several languages. A client-side diceware multi-wordlist password generator with complete source code; Web-based diceware app that uses the cryptographically secure getRandomValues() function; English Diceware wordlist from the Electronic Frontier Foundation; diceware on GitHub

4. Hashcat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcat

   Hashcat has received publicity because it is partly based on flaws in other software discovered by the creator of hashcat. An example was a flaw in 1Password's password manager hashing scheme. [2] It has also been compared to similar software in a Usenix publication [3] and been described on Ars Technica. [4]

5. Hydra (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)

   Hydra works by using different approaches, such as brute-force attacks and dictionary attacks, in order to guess the right username and password combination. Hydra is commonly used by penetration testers together with a set of programmes like crunch, [3] cupp [4] etc, which are used to generate wordlists based on user-defined patterns.

6. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   There are many password cracking software tools, but the most popular [37] are Aircrack-ng, Cain & Abel, John the Ripper, Hashcat, Hydra, DaveGrohl, and ElcomSoft. Many litigation support software packages also include password cracking functionality. Most of these packages employ a mixture of cracking strategies; algorithms with brute-force ...

7. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   The first public release of Crack was version 2.7a, which was posted to the Usenet newsgroups alt.sources and alt.security on 15 July 1991. Crack v3.2a+fcrypt, posted to comp.sources.misc on 23 August 1991, introduced an optimised version of the Unix crypt() function but was still only really a faster version of what was already available in other packages.