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Muonium (/ m juː ˈ oʊ n i ə m /) is an exotic atom made up of an antimuon and an electron, [1] which was discovered in 1960 by Vernon W. Hughes [2] and is given the chemical symbol Mu. During the muon's 2.2 µs lifetime, muonium can undergo chemical reactions.
[1] [2] The ortho-state of true muonium (i.e. the state with parallel alignment of the muon and antimuon spins) is expected to be relatively long-lived (with a lifetime of 1.8 × 10 −12 s), and decay predominantly to an e + e − pair, which makes it possible for LHCb experiment at CERN to observe it with the dataset collected by 2025. [3]
Muonium, despite its name, is not an onium state containing a muon and an antimuon, because IUPAC assigned that name to the system of an antimuon bound with an electron. However, the production of a muon–antimuon bound state, which is an onium (called true muonium ), has been theorized. [ 15 ]
The positive muon is also not attracted to the nucleus of atoms. Instead, it binds a random electron and with this electron forms an exotic atom known as muonium (mu) atom. In this atom, the muon acts as the nucleus. The positive muon, in this context, can be considered a pseudo-isotope of hydrogen with one ninth of the mass of the proton.
An illustration of the protonium atom.. An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. [1] These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "true muonium" to avoid confusion with old nomenclature.
Due to the plants continuous fight against gravity, plants typically mature much more quickly than when grown in soil or other traditional hydroponic growing systems. [55] Because rotary hydroponic systems have a small size, they allow for more plant material to be grown per area of floor space than other traditional hydroponic systems.
In insulators or semiconductors a collective screening cannot take place and the muon will usually pick up one electron and form a so-called muonium (Mu=μ + +e −), which has similar size (Bohr radius), reduced mass, and ionization energy to the hydrogen atom. This is the prototype of the so-called paramagnetic state.
How can Muonium ( μ+e–) be "used to produce muon-catalyzed fusion in which muons shield the positive charge of the nuclei" when the charge of the Muon is positive? Are there details not told in the article or is it plain nonsense? 84.160.214.211 18:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC) I believe it is incorrect.