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It uses a contrived composite data type for polynomials, where x is not an integer variable, but a constructor generating a Polynomial object that can be added, multiplied and exponentiated. To xor two polynomials is to add them, modulo two; that is, to exclusive OR the coefficients of each matching term from both polynomials.
The polynomial is written in binary as the coefficients; a 3rd-degree polynomial has 4 coefficients (1x 3 + 0x 2 + 1x + 1). In this case, the coefficients are 1, 0, 1 and 1. The result of the calculation is 3 bits long, which is why it is called a 3-bit CRC. However, you need 4 bits to explicitly state the polynomial.
The exception to this result is a bit pattern the same as that of the generator polynomial. All uneven bit errors are detected by generator polynomials with even number of terms. 2-bit errors in a (multiple) distance of the longest bitfilter of even parity to a generator polynomial are not detected; all others are detected.
Since the generator polynomial is of degree 10, this code has 5 data bits and 10 checksum bits. It is also denoted as: (15, 5) BCH code. (This particular generator polynomial has a real-world application, in the "format information" of the QR code.) The BCH code with = and higher has the generator polynomial
Define the erasure locator polynomial = Where the erasure locations are given by j i. Apply the procedure described above, substituting Γ for Λ. If both errors and erasures are present, use the error-and-erasure locator polynomial
The original construction of Reed & Solomon (1960) interprets the message x as the coefficients of the polynomial p, whereas subsequent constructions interpret the message as the values of the polynomial at the first k points , …, and obtain the polynomial p by interpolating these values with a polynomial of degree less than k.
To convolutionally encode data, start with k memory registers, each holding one input bit.Unless otherwise specified, all memory registers start with a value of 0. The encoder has n modulo-2 adders (a modulo 2 adder can be implemented with a single Boolean XOR gate, where the logic is: 0+0 = 0, 0+1 = 1, 1+0 = 1, 1+1 = 0), and n generator polynomials — one for each adder (see figure below).
Fix integers and let () be some fixed polynomial of degree , called the generator polynomial. The polynomial code generated by g ( x ) {\displaystyle g(x)} is the code whose code words are precisely the polynomials of degree less than n {\displaystyle n} that are divisible (without remainder) by g ( x ) {\displaystyle g(x)} .