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The mutation is the result of a Copy Number Variant, or duplication of certain instructions within a gene, that controls the distribution of pigment in a dog's hair follicle. As such, there are no genetic markers for red pigment. Dogs with a higher CNV were observed to have darker, richer colors such as deep gold, red, and chestnut.
Dogs who are recessive red can still be affected by merle, but the patches are either hardly seen or, if the dog is a clear recessive red, are not visible at all. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Combinations such as brindle and sable merle exist, but are not typically accepted in breed standards .
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Hair loss is originally seen in areas of repeated grooming or trauma, for instance the neck because of contact with a collar. Hair regrowth may occur, but the hair will be even weaker and the pattern will repeat. The dogs are affected between the ages of two and four years, and it is most commonly seen on the back towards the tail.
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When a dog has wild-type alleles at all three genes, it will have a yellow coat. When the dog has a loss-of-function allele at MC1R, it will have a yellow coat regardless of the genes it carries on the other two genes. Only a dominant black allele at CBD103 will produce a black coat color in dogs possessing wild-type alleles at MC1R and Agouti. [8]
Prick ear: Erect and pointed; also called pricked or erect. Rose ear: A very small drop ear that folds back; as in the greyhound or bulldog. Semiprick ear: A prick ear where the tip just begins to fold forward, as in the Rough Collie. Hound ear: Floppy ear that is long and droopy enough to collect air around the nostrils, as in scent hounds and ...