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The first vacuum tube diodes designed for rectifier application in power supply circuits were introduced in April 1915 by Saul Dushman of General Electric. [2] [3] With the introduction of semiconductor electronics, vacuum tube rectifiers became obsolete, except for some enthusiasts of vacuum tube audio equipment.
Reference 2D21 tube is 2⅛ inches tall (54 mm). A thyratron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a high-power electrical switch and controlled rectifier. Thyratrons can handle much greater currents than similar hard-vacuum tubes. Electron multiplication occurs when the gas becomes ionized, producing a phenomenon known as a Townsend discharge.
Mercury rectifier on display in the Beromünster AM transmitter in Switzerland, before being decommissioned.Three-phase full-wave rectifier with six anodes. A mercury-arc valve or mercury-vapor rectifier or (UK) mercury-arc rectifier [1] [2] is a type of electrical rectifier used for converting high-voltage or high-current alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).
Later thermionic vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style, some with top cap connections for higher voltages. A vacuum tube, electron tube, [1] [2] [3] [thermionic] valve (British usage), or tube (North America) [4] is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.
The first two letters determine the tube type: GR – Rectifier tube; SR – Transmitter tube; VR – Amplifier tube; The third letter specifies the cooling method: L – Forced air; S – Radiation; V – Vapor (the anode is immersed in evaporating water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled) W – Water
An ignitron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a controlled rectifier and dating from the 1930s. Invented by Joseph Slepian while employed by Westinghouse, Westinghouse was the original manufacturer and owned trademark rights to the name "Ignitron".
AC/DC equipment would connect all the tube heaters in series to match the supply voltage; a rectifier would convert AC to the direct current required for operation. When connected to a DC supply, the rectifier stage of the power supply performed no active function. DC-only equipment would only run from a DC supply and included no rectifier stage.
The 866 is a mercury vapor half-wave rectifier intended for high-voltage applications. The voltage drop is approximately 15 volts up to 150 Hz. To avoid unwanted shorts the tube must be operated in a vertical position and the filament preheated for at least 30 seconds before applying the plate voltage.