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Ulysses's observations of solar wind speed as a function of helio latitude during solar minimum.Slow wind (≈ 400 km/s) is confined to the equatorial regions, while fast wind (≈ 750 km/s) is seen over the poles. [1]
Active stars produce disturbances in space weather and, if strong enough, in their own space climate.Science studies such phenomena with the field of heliophysics, which is an interdisciplinary combination of solar physics and planetary science.
A geomagnetic storm is defined [5] by changes in the Dst [6] (disturbance – storm time) index. The Dst index estimates the globally averaged change of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field at the magnetic equator based on measurements from a few magnetometer stations.
The ethereal audio reminds me of wooden wind chimes rattling as a mass of land shifts, perhaps during an earthquake. It brings to mind the cracking sounds of a moving glacier as well.
Both the fast and slow solar winds can be interrupted by large, fast-moving bursts of plasma called interplanetary CMEs, or ICMEs. They cause shock waves in the thin plasma of the heliosphere, generating electromagnetic waves and accelerating particles (mostly protons and electrons) to form showers of ionizing radiation that precede the CME.
Several types of weather might not seem particularly dangerous on the surface, but they can be quite hazardous under the right conditions. Below, we take a look at five unexpectedly dangerous ...
The Carrington Event was the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history, peaking on 1–2 September 1859 during solar cycle 10.It created strong auroral displays that were reported globally and caused sparking and even fires in telegraph stations. [1]
Why is it dangerous to view a solar eclipse through a camera, telescope, or binoculars? The lenses of cameras, telescopes, and binoculars will magnify and intensify direct sun rays during the eclipse.