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Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.
Kathryn A. Kozaitis (1997). "'Foreigners Among Foreigners': Social Organization Among The Roma Of Athens, Greece". Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development. 26 (2): 165– 199. JSTOR 40553322. Michael Llewellyn-Smith (2004). "Chronology". Athens: A Cultural and Literary History. USA: Interlink Books.
Athens' largest zoo is the Attica Zoological Park, a 20-hectare (49-acre) private zoo located in the suburb of Spata. The zoo is home to around 2000 animals representing 400 species, and is open 365 days a year. Smaller zoos exist within public gardens or parks, such as the zoo within the National Garden of Athens.
Under Rome, Athens was given the status of a free city. Byzantine Athens; Latin Athens. Duchy of Athens (1204–1458) Ottoman Athens. Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) Independence from the Ottomans; Modern Athens. Athens during the Greek Kingdom (1832–1924, 1935–1973) Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935) Athens during World War II
The urban population tripled from 8% in 1853 to 24% in 1907. Athens grew from a village of 6000 people in 1834, when it became the capital, to 63,000 in 1879, 111,000 in 1896, and 167,000 in 1907. [33] In Athens and other cities, men arriving from rural areas set up workshops and stores, creating a middle class.
The city of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯]; Modern Greek: Αθήναι, Athine [a.ˈθi.ne̞] or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα, Athina [a.'θi.na]) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) [1] was the major urban centre of the notable polis of the same name, located in Attica ...
The peace did not last, however. In 418 BC allied forces of Athens and Argos were defeated by Sparta at Mantinea. [45] In 415 Athens launched an ambitious naval expedition to dominate Sicily; [46] the expedition ended in disaster at the harbor of Syracuse, with almost the entire army killed, and the ships destroyed. [47]
413 Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League; 412 Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens. 412 Methymna is occupied by Sparta; 412 Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League; 412 Chios is sieged by Athens; 412 Aygrion dies and is succeeded by Aygris; 411 Sparta ...