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Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents.
Within the American beef cattle industry, the older term beef (plural beeves) is still used to refer to an animal of either sex. Some Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and British people use the term beast. [11] Cattle bred specifically for milk production are called milking or dairy cattle; [1] a cow kept to provide milk for one family may be ...
Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Bos indicus (or Bos taurus indicus ) cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as India, Sub-saharan Africa, China, and Southeast Asia.
The Black Baldy is a type of cross-bred beef cattle. It is traditionally produced by crossing Hereford bulls on Aberdeen Angus cows. [1]: 29 These cattle are commonly reared in Australia [2]: 190 and New Zealand. In North America, the term Black Whiteface is also used in some regions. [citation needed]
Beefmaster is a breed of beef cattle that was developed in the early 1930s by Tom Lasater (the breed founder), [1] from a systematic crossing of Hereford cows and Shorthorn cows with Brahman bulls. The exact mixture of the foundation cattle is unknown, but is thought to be about 25% Hereford, 25% Milking Shorthorn and 50% Brahman.
The gross value of the Australian cattle and calf production totalled $14.3billion in 2015–16, which is approximately 50% of total value of Australian livestock industries. [6] A regional report on the Northern Australian beef industry indicates that by 1996–97, 10% of the North-West herd were Charbray out of the 23 different bull breeds. [12]
The masking effect of outcrossing is known as genetic complementation, [3] an effect also recognized as hybrid vigor or heterosis. Once outcrossing is established in a lineage of flowering plants due to the benefit of genetic complementation, subsequent switching to inbreeding becomes disadvantageous because it allows expression of the ...
Beefalo constitutes a hybrid offspring of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), usually a male in managed breeding programs, and the American bison (Bison bison), usually a female in managed breeding programs. [1] [2] The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals for beef production.