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BAT radar guided bomb RBS-15F anti-ship missile (on right) under the wing of a JAS 39 Gripen fighter, 2007 Active radar homing missile seeker. Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.
Retransmission homing, also called "track-via-missile" or "TVM", is a hybrid between command guidance, semi-active radar homing and active radar homing. The missile picks up radiation broadcast by the tracking radar which bounces off the target and relays it to the tracking station, which relays commands back to the missile.
Semi-active radar homing (SARH) is a common type of missile guidance system, perhaps the most common type for longer-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems. The name refers to the fact that the missile itself is only a passive detector of a radar signal—provided by an external ("offboard") source—as it reflects off the target [1] [2] (in contrast to active radar homing, which ...
Missile Guidance Speed Image RIM-7 Sea Sparrow: Semi-active radar homing: Mach 4: RIM-66 Standard: Command midcourse and Terminal Semi-active radar homing: Mach 3.5: FIM-92 Stinger: Infrared homing: Mach 2.54: MIM-104 Patriot: Command midcourse and Terminal Semi-active radar homing: Mach 5: RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile: Infrared homing ...
This leads to one of the most common types of radar-based missile guidance, semi-active radar homing, or SARH. This places a small receiver in the nose of the missile that listens for the signals reflected off the target, and therefore grows more accurate and powerful as the missile approaches the target.
Some modern ones use inertial guidance and/or "mid-course updates" to get the missile close enough to use an active homing sensor. The concepts of air-to-air missiles and surface-to-air missiles are closely related, and in some cases versions of the same weapon may be used for both roles, such as the ASRAAM and Sea Ceptor .
Another potential disadvantage compared to active radar homing is that the missile must rely on the ground-based radar for guidance, so if the target is able to put an obstacle between itself and the fixed radar system (e.g. a hill), or if it manages to get outside of the radar's tracking envelope (e.g., fly outside of the tracking “fan” of ...
Electronics in the missile then keep it centered in the beam. It differs from semi-active radar homing (SARH) and semi-active laser homing (SALH) in which the target is illuminated by a powerful emitter, and a sensor in the head of missile detects the reflected emissions and directs it to the target.