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Land reclamation in the Netherlands has a long history. As early as in the 14th century, the first reclaimed land had been settled. [ 1 ] Much of the modern land reclamation has been done as a part of the Zuiderzee Works since 1919.
The Zuiderzee Works (Dutch: Zuiderzeewerken) is a system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, which was the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century.
This is illustrated by the saying "God created the world, but the Dutch created the Netherlands". [2] The Dutch have a long history of reclamation of marshes and fenland, resulting in some 3,000 polders [3] nationwide. By 1961, about half of the country's land, 18,000 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi), was reclaimed from the sea.
The other six provinces were more rural and traditional in life style, had an active nobility, and played a small role in commerce and national politics. Instead they concentrated on their flood protections and land reclamation projects. [91] [92] Economic decline led to a period of political instability known as the Patriottentijd (1780–1787 ...
A similar land reclamation system using dams and drainage canals was used in the Greek Copaic Basin during the Middle Helladic Period (c. 1900–1600 BC). [1] Another early large-scale project was the Beemster Polder in the Netherlands, realized in 1612 adding 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi) of land.
Netherlands literally means "lower countries" in reference to its low elevation and flat topography, with 26% below sea level. [15] Most of the areas below sea level, known as polders, are the result of land reclamation that began in the 14th century. [16]
Official documents of the time also mention Laechwater and Laachwater. Leeghwater, as a hydraulic engineer, was pivotal to land reclamation programs along the flooded coast of the Netherlands. [1] He was involved in the reclamation of the Beemster polder, the first polder in the world created from a lake by draining the water using wind mills ...
Map of Doggerland at its near maximum extent c. 10,000 years Before Present (~8,000 BCE) (top left) and its subsequent disintegration by 7,000 BP (~5,000 BCE). Doggerland was a large area of land in Northern Europe, now submerged beneath the southern North Sea.