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Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart , bladder , intestines , sweat glands , pupils , and blood vessels.
Familial dysautonomia (FD), also known as Riley–Day syndrome, is a rare, [2] progressive, [3] recessive genetic disorder of the autonomic nervous system [2] that affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and sensory nervous system.
Orthostatic hypotension and significant gastrointestinal symptoms are also hallmarks of paraneoplastic dysautonomia. Paraneoplastic dysautonomia has been linked to thymoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, and, less frequently, breast cancer or lymphoma. At the time of the development of autonomic symptoms, the underlying malignancy is usually unknown.
Morphine has been found to be effective in aborting episodes; sometimes it is the only medication that can combat the sympathetic response. Morphine helps lower respiration rates and hypertension. It is given in doses of two milligrams to eight milligrams but can be administered up to twenty milligrams. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects.
Autonomic neuropathy (AN or AAN) is a form of polyneuropathy that affects the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system (i.e., the autonomic nervous system), affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs.
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the development of symptoms when standing upright that are relieved when reclining. [1] There are many types of orthostatic intolerance. OI can be a subcategory of dysautonomia, a disorder of the autonomic nervous system [2] occurring when an individual stands up. [3]
Primary autonomic failure (also called primary dysautonomia) refers to a category of dysautonomias — conditions in which the autonomic nervous system does not function properly. In primary dysautonomias, the autonomic dysfunction occurs as a primary condition (as opposed to resulting from another disease). [ 1 ]
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