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The inbred strain of C57BL mice was created in 1921 by C. C. Little at the Bussey Institute for Research in Applied Biology. [1] The substrain "6" was the most popular of the surviving substrains. Little's supervisor William E. Castle had obtained the predecessor strain of C57BL/6, "mouse number 57", from Abbie Lathrop who was breeding inbred ...
In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, anti-CTLA-4 treatment resulted in tumor rejection in 80 to 90% of subjects, but in gene-targeted mice that were deficient for either ICOS or its ligand , the efficacy was less than 50%. An agonistic stimulus for the ICOS pathway during anti-CTLA-4 therapy resulted in an increase in efficacy that was about four to five ...
MHC-based sexual selection is known to involve olfactory mechanisms in such vertebrate taxa as fish, mice, humans, primates, birds, and reptiles. [1] At its simplest level, humans have long been acquainted with the sense of olfaction for its use in determining the pleasantness or the unpleasantness of one's resources, food, etc.
The MHC gene family is divided into three subgroups: MHC class I, MHC class II, and MHC class III. Among all those genes present in MHC, there are two types of genes coding for the proteins MHC class I molecules and MHC class II molecules that are directly involved in the antigen presentation .
Because MHC class I molecules present peptides derived from cytosolic proteins, the pathway of MHC class I presentation is often called cytosolic or endogenous pathway. [3] In humans, the HLAs corresponding to MHC class I are HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C.
In the case of a typical mouse recombinant inbred strain made by crossing maternal strain BALB/cBy (C) with paternal strain C57BL/6By (B) called a CXB recombinant inbred strain, a chromosome will typically incorporate 2 to 5 alternating haplotype blocks with underlying genotypes such as BBBBBCCCCBBBCCCCCCCC, where each letter represents a ...
Unlike most laboratory mouse strains, the C57BL/6 drinks alcoholic beverages voluntarily. It is more susceptible than average to morphine addiction, atherosclerosis, and age-related hearing loss. [11] When compared directly to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice also express both a robust response to social rewards [43] [44] and empathy. [45]
MHC class I polypeptide–related sequence A (MICA) is a highly polymorphic cell surface glycoprotein encoded by the MICA gene located within MHC locus. [5] MICA is related to MHC class I and it has similar domain structure, however, it is not associated with β2-microglobulin nor binds peptides as conventional MHC class I molecules do. [ 6 ]