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1984 R. v. Guerin 2 S.C.R. 335 was a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision on aboriginal rights where the Court first stated that the government has a fiduciary duty towards the First Nations of Canada and established aboriginal title to be a sui generis right. The Musqueam Indian band won their case. 1985 Bill C-31.
The ratifying of the Slavery Convention by Canada in 1953 began the country's international commitments to address modern slavery. [58] Human trafficking in Canada is a legal and political issue, and Canadian legislators have been criticized for having failed to deal with the problem in a more systematic way. [ 59 ]
For many years, Canada did not negotiate with First Nations to address their aboriginal title. Canadian court judgments and political pressure led to a change in ways following the Canadian Centennial year. The first treaty implemented under the new framework was the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement in 1970 between the Cree and Quebec.
Slavery in territories that would become today's Canada may have begun as far back as 1500 BC. [3] Among indigenous peoples of Canada, children of slaves could inherit the condition of enslavement. [4] In some tribes in the Pacific Northwest, about a quarter of the population consisted of enslaved people. [5]
The Supreme Court of Canada rules in the Calder v British Columbia (AG) case that aboriginal title existed prior to the existence of the colonial government and was not a matter of Canadian law alone. The case recognized Nisga'a Nation aboriginal title. The ruling would lead the Government of Canada to update its land claims negotiation process ...
National Indigenous Peoples Day, formerly National Aboriginal Day, June 21, recognizes the cultures and contributions of Aboriginal peoples of Canada. [117] There are currently over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands encompassing 1,172,790 2006 people spread across Canada with distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and ...
Indigenous peoples in Canada (also known as Aboriginals) [201] are the Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada. They comprise the First Nations, [202] Inuit, [203] and Métis, [204] representing roughly 5.0% of the total Canadian population.
The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the Indian reserve. [14] Today, these agreements are upheld by the Government of Canada, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law and overseen by the Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations. They are often criticized and are a leading issue ...