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When inflation ends, the temperature returns to the pre-inflationary temperature; this is called reheating or thermalization because the large potential energy of the inflaton field decays into particles and fills the Universe with Standard Model particles, including electromagnetic radiation, starting the radiation dominated phase of the Universe.
In physical cosmology, the graceful exit problem refers to an inherent flaw in the initial proposal of the inflationary universe theory proposed by Alan Guth in 1981. [1]In Guth’s model, the period of accelerated expansion (a.k.a. inflation) makes the universe homogeneous and flat but can never end.
Brief history of U.S. inflation. High inflation was last a major problem during the 1970s and 1980s — reaching 12.2 percent in 1974 and 14.6 percent in 1980 — when the central bank didn’t ...
In warm inflation radiation production occurs concurrently with inflationary expansion. This is consistent with the conditions necessary for inflation as given by the Friedmann equations of general relativity , which simply require that the vacuum energy density dominates the energy content of the universe at time of inflation, and so does not ...
Inflation rates have dramatically fallen since they topped 9% in June 2022. The current annual inflation rate is 2.5%, the lowest it's been since February 2021. That's a significant drop; however,...
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Inflation rates among members of the International Monetary Fund in April 2024 UK and US monthly inflation rates from January 1989 [1] [2] In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy. This is usually measured using a consumer price index (CPI).
It can go either into evaporation or into air temperature increases. If water is available (like over the oceans and the tropics), extra heat goes mostly into evaporation. If water is not available (like over dry areas on land), the extra heat goes into raising air temperature. [6] Also, the water holding capacity of the atmosphere increases ...