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Srivijaya (Indonesian: Sriwijaya), [2]: 131 also spelled Sri Vijaya, [3] [4] was a Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic [5] empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia. [6] Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century AD.
English: Maximum extent of Srivijaya Empire around 8th century. Expanding from Sumatra, Central Java, to Malay Peninsula. Expanding from Sumatra, Central Java, to Malay Peninsula. The red arrows show the series of Srivijayan expedition and conquest, in diplomatic alliances, military campaign, or naval raids.
In 1006 CE a Srivijayan Maharaja from Sailendra dynasty, king Maravijayattungavarman, constructed the Chudamani Vihara in the port town of Nagapattinam. [10] However, during the reign of Rajendra I the relations deteriorate as the Chola Dynasty started to attack Srivijayan cities. [11] The causes of the hostility are obscure. [5]
From all of these inscriptions, it was concluded that Dapunta Hyang established the Srivijayan empire after defeating his enemies in Jambi, Palembang, Southern Lampung, and Bangka island, [9] and he even went further to launch a military campaign against Bhumi Java that probably contributed to the decline of the Tarumanagara kingdom in West Java.
Mataram–Srivijayan wars, also called as Pralaya (lit. 'Destruction') in Javanese inscription of Pucangan, were a military engagements between two rival kingdoms of the Srivijaya of Shailendra and Mataram kingdom of Ishana, intermittently from c. 937 when the Srivijayan forces attempted to approach the Mataram capital, until 1016 when the kingdom of Mataram was collapsed due to a rebellion ...
The map of earlier Southeast Asia which evolved from the prehistoric networks of small settlements and reveals itself in historical records was a patchwork of often overlapping mandalas. [ 3 ] It is employed to denote traditional Southeast Asian political formations, such as federation of kingdoms or vassalized polity under a center of domination .
The Indian influences in early Philippine polities, particularly the influence of the Srivijaya and Majapahit thalassocracies on cultural development, is a significant area of research for scholars of Philippine, Indonesian, and Southeast Asian history, [1] and is believed to be the source of Hindu and Buddhist elements in early Philippine culture, religion, and language.
Many inscriptions were found that mention Srivijayan activity in the 7th century. The Kedukan Bukit inscription is the oldest record of Indonesian military history, and noted a 7th-century Srivijayan siddhayatra expedition led by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa. He was said to have brought 20,000 troops, including 200 seamen and 1,312 foot soldiers.