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The gate control theory says neurological gateways decide which pain signals pass through and which don’t. It's related to nerve fibers that carry different messages to the brain.
In 1965, Patrick David Wall (1925–2001) and Ronald Melzack announced the first theory that viewed pain through a mind-body perspective. This theory became known as the gate control theory.
The gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system.
Learn about the gate control theory of pain and understand how the spinal nerves might affect which sensations we perceive as pain.
The Gate Control Theory of Pain is a mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.
According to the gate control theory of pain, three main types of nerve fibers are involved in the process of pain perception: A fibers, C fibers, and the “gate” interneurons. The diameters of these fibers vary in size.
The gate control theory of pain was developed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965. Their research helped explain how sensory and psychological aspects affect how patients perceive pain (Campbell et al., 2020). The gate control theory states that the central nervous system can use neurological “gates” to determine when pain is felt.
The Gate Control Theory is the most promulgated of pain theories and led to some of the most fruitful research in the field of pain. However, many of the details of this theory have been shown to be inaccurate.
The gate control theory of pain, published in 1965, proposes that a mechanism in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord acts like a gate that inhibits or facili tates transmission from the body to the brain on the basis of the diameters of the active peripheral fibers, as well as the dynamic action of brain processes.
The gate control theory of pain (Fig. 7.1) was developed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 and is the most influential, comprehensive, and adaptive conceptualization of pain and its consequences to date.