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  2. Condenser (heat transfer) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)

    A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a ...

  3. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

    Distillation setup using a retort and tube condenser, from a 1921 book. [5] The simplest type of condenser is a straight tube, cooled only by the surrounding air. The tube is held in a vertical or oblique position, and the vapor is fed through the upper end. The heat of condensation is carried away by convection.

  4. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Like vacuum distillation, steam distillation is a method for distilling compounds which are heat-sensitive. [ 1 ] : 151–153 The temperature of the steam is easier to control than the surface of a heating element and allows a high rate of heat transfer without heating at a very high temperature.

  5. Reboiler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reboiler

    The heat supplied to the column by the reboiler at the bottom of the column is removed by the condenser at the top of the column. Proper reboiler operation is vital to effective distillation. In a typical classical distillation column, all the vapor driving the separation comes from the reboiler.

  6. Reflux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflux

    The purpose is to thermally accelerate the reaction by conducting it at an elevated, controlled temperature (i.e. the solvent's boiling point) and ambient pressure without losing large quantities of the mixture. [6] The diagram shows a typical reflux apparatus. It includes a water bath to indirectly heat the mixture.

  7. Liebig condenser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig_condenser

    Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical

  8. Air separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_separation

    The condenser of this column requires refrigeration which is obtained from expanding the more oxygen rich stream further across a valve or through an expander (a reverse compressor). Alternatively the condenser may be cooled by interchanging heat with a reboiler in a low pressure (LP) distillation column (operating at 1.2-1.3 bar abs.) when the ...

  9. Low-temperature distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_distillation

    The heat exchanger for cooling (HEX 3) reduces the temperature of the distillate (4) before it is pumped to the condenser cycle. In the condenser cycle (5), the cooled distillate is pumped and sprayed into the pressure chambers to allow for vapor condensation from the evaporators on cooled droplets.