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The Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov proposed the first statistical theory of turbulence, based on the aforementioned notion of the energy cascade (an idea originally introduced by Richardson) and the concept of self-similarity. As a result, the Kolmogorov microscales were named after him. It is now known that the self-similarity is ...
[1] [2] The expected value, u ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {u}}} , is often found from an ensemble average which is an average taken over multiple experiments under identical conditions. The expected value is also sometime denoted u {\displaystyle \langle u\rangle } , but it is also seen often with the over-bar notation.
Lumley received the 1990 Fluid Dynamics Prize of American Physical Society, "For his outstanding contributions to the understanding of turbulent flow, in particular, the fundamental structure of turbulent shear flows, the effects of drag-reducing additives, and his widely recognized contributions to the statistical theory of turbulence, and for his personal and intellectual leadership in the ...
Ancient Greek had the term τέκνή γραμματική (téchnē grammatikḗ, 'skill in the use of letters'), which was adapted into Latin as ars grammatica.This term was used in the title of works about writing and language, which came to be known in English as grammar-books or grammars.
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The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...
Victor S. L'vov (Russian: Виктор Сергеевич Львов) is a Russian-Israeli physicist most known for his contributions to the advanced theories and applications of wave and hydrodynamic turbulence, as well as nonlinear phenomena in various physical systems, including plasma, superfluids, classical environmental flows, and solid states.
2) It is the most general of all turbulence models and works reasonably well for a large number of engineering flows. 3) It requires only the initial and/or boundary conditions to be supplied. 4) Since the production terms need not be modeled, it can selectively damp the stresses due to buoyancy , curvature effects etc.