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Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere. [21] [8] Infections are most common in the spring and early summer. [4] Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Lyme, Connecticut. It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. [22]
Temperature may also play a role in Lyme disease incidence. Schauber et al. (2005) found a positive correlation between the mean summer temperature and the rate of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States. [12] Additionally, Subak (2003) suggests that there may also be a relationship between warmer winters and increased Lyme disease. [11]
For example, the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent for Lyme disease, infects the tick vector as a larva, with the infection maintained as the tick molts to a nymph and later develops as an adult. [1] [2] Transstadial transmission is also seen with other microbes such as other bacteria, fungi, and viruses in numerous insects. [3]
Transmission of the bacterium that causes Lyme disease is well understood to require a substantial feeding period. [25] In general, soft ticks ( Argasidae ) transmit pathogens within minutes of attachment because they feed more frequently, whereas hard ticks ( Ixodidae ) take hours or days, but the latter are more common and harder to remove.
Lyme disease can happen to any age group, but those at higher-risk are people who spend a lot of time outdoors in the forest and forest-like areas. Female deer tick. Ladislav Kubeš - Getty Images
Eight are known to cause Lyme disease or Borreliosis. [6] The major Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. [23] All species that cause Lyme disease are referred to collectively as B. burgdorferi sensu lato, [10] while B. burgdorferi itself is specified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto.
What it looks like: The most recognizable reaction on this list is the bullseye rash—a large, red, target-like rash that signals the early stages of Lyme disease from the bite of an infected ...
B. burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease and is why this bacteria is so important and being studied. It is most commonly transmitted from ticks to humans. Humans act as the tick's host for this bacteria. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick (also the vector for Babesia and Anaplasma).