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Defensive strategy is defined as a marketing tool that helps companies to retain valuable customers that can be taken away by competitors. [1] Competitors can be defined as other firms that are located in the same market category or sell similar products to the same segment of people. [ 1 ]
Fear appeal is a term used in psychology, sociology and marketing.It generally describes a strategy for motivating people to take a particular action, endorse a particular policy, or buy a particular product, by arousing fear.
Defensive pessimists performed worse when encouraged than the defensive pessimists whose strategy was not manipulated. [2] Defensive pessimism is an adaptive strategy for those who struggle with anxiety: their performance decreases if they are unable to appropriately manage and counteract their anxiety.
Whereas defensive strategies include behaviours like avoidance of threatening situations or means of self-handicapping, assertive strategies refer to more active behaviour like the verbal idealisation of the self, the use of status symbols or similar practices. [13] These strategies play important roles in one's maintenance of self-esteem. [14]
Inoculation is a theory that explains how attitudes and beliefs can be made more resistant to future challenges. For an inoculation message to be successful, the recipient experiences threat (a recognition that a held attitude or belief is vulnerable to change) and is exposed to and/or engages in refutational processes (preemptive refutation, that is, defenses against potential counterarguments).
In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), [7] Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement.
Defensive communication leads to the degrading of discourse in a group. Defensive communication is a communicative behavior that occurs within relationships, work environments, and social groups [1] [2] when an individual reacts in a defensive manner in response to a self-perceived flaw or a threat from outsiders.
In their editorial essay Powell et al. outline three reasons why there is a need for a concerted research effort in behavioral strategy, namely that strategy has been too slow to incorporate relevant results from psychology, lacks adequate psychological grounding (e.g., heterogeneity is assumed and not explained in terms of reasoning and ...